تبادل لینک هوشمند 
Using leads I and aVF the axis can be calculated to within one of the four quadrants at a glance.
If the axis is in the "left" quadrant take your second glance at lead II.
- both I and aVF +ve = normal axis
- both I and aVF -ve = axis in the Northwest Territory
- lead I -ve and aVF +ve = right axis deviation
- lead I +ve and aVF -ve
- lead II +ve = normal axis
- lead II -ve = left axis deviation
causes of a Northwest axis (no man's land)
- emphysema
- hyperkalaemia
- lead transposition
- artificial cardiac pacing
- ventricular tachycardia
causes of right axis deviation
- normal finding in children and tall thin adults
- right ventricular hypertrophy
- chronic lung disease even without pulmonary hypertension
- anterolateral myocardial infarction
- left posterior hemiblock
- pulmonary embolus
- Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome - left sided accessory pathway
- atrial septal defect
- ventricular septal defect
causes of left axis deviation
- left anterior hemiblock
- Q waves of inferior myocardial infarction
- artificial cardiac pacing
- emphysema
- hyperkalaemia
- Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome - right sided accessory pathway
- tricuspid atresia
- ostium primum ASD
- injection of contrast into left coronary artery
note: left ventricular hypertrophy is not a cause left axis deviation
ارسال توسط سعيد باباجاني-ارشد مراقبتهاي ويژهMSc
ischaemic heart disease
Acute inferior myocardial infarctionAcute anterior myocardial infarctionAcute posterior myocardial infarctionOld inferior myocardial infarctionAcute myocardial infarction in the presence of LBBBhypertrophy patterns
Left ventricular and left atrial hypertrophy - aortic stenosisMitral Stenosis
Right atrial hypertrophyLeft ventricular hypertrophy in the presence of left anterior hemiblockatrioventricular (AV) block
First degree AV block2 to 1 Atrioventricular blockComplete Heart BlockComplete heart block and atrial fibrillationbundle branch block
Right Bundle Branch BlockLeft anterior hemiblockLeft bundle branch block'Trifascicular' blocksupraventricular rhythms
Sinus bradycardiaSinus tachycardiaAtrial BigeminyAtrial Premature BeatAtrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular responseAtrial fibrillation with pre-existing LBBBAtrial FlutterAtrial flutter with 2:1 AV conductionWolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with atrial fibrillation (20k)ventricular rhythms
Ventricular premature beatsVentricular bigeminyIdioventricular escape rhythm in Complete Heart BlockVentricular tachycardia with clear AV dissociationVentricular tachycardia with subtle AV dissociation (20k)Torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardiaPolymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia with an ICDVentricular Fibrillationpacemakers
Ventricular pacemakerDual Chamber Pacemaker with an ICDWolff Parkinson White syndrome
WPW syndrome - left lateral pathwayWPW syndrome - anteroseptal pathwayWolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with atrial fibrillation (20k)Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with atrial fibrillation (another example)miscellaneous
Implantable Cardioverter DefibrillatorElectrical Alternans - pericardial effusionLong QT interval Romano-Ward SyndromeLown-Ganong-Levine SyndromeAcute pulmonary embolusHyperkalaemiaHypokalaemiaPiggy-back heart transplantDigitalis effectother
The electrical axis at a glance.
A brief history of electrocardiography
A page of comments and corrections for our book 'ECGs by Example'.
ارسال توسط سعيد باباجاني-ارشد مراقبتهاي ويژهMSc
با توجه به الکترو کاردیوگرام روبرو تغییرات مربوط به MI در قسمت تحتانی قلب را در لید های II,III,aVF که به صورت وجود موج Q pathologic و تحت عنوان Old MI مشاهده میکنید.یعنی مشاهده موج Q pathologic بدون تغییرات قطعه ST.
تاریخ: چهار شنبه 15 تير 1390برچسب:Old inferior myocardial infarction MI در قسمت تحتانی قلب ,
ارسال توسط سعيد باباجاني-ارشد مراقبتهاي ويژهMSc
- با توجه به الکترو کاردیوگرام روبرو تغییرات مربوط به MI در قسمت قدامی قلب را در به صورت ST elevation in
- در لید های the anterior leads V1 - 6, I and aVL مشاهده میکنید که نشان دهنده انفارکتوس حاد در سطح قدامی قلب میباشد.
ارسال توسط سعيد باباجاني-ارشد مراقبتهاي ويژهMSc
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